Network topology defines the physical layout of devices (nodes) and the logical paths data takes across a network. It determines how effectively your network performs, scales, and handles failures. [1, 2, 3]

The primary types of network topologies include:

Star Topology: Every device connects to a central hub or switch. It is the most common setup because if one cable breaks, only that device is disconnected. [1, 2, 3]
Bus Topology: All devices share a single central backbone cable. It is cheap and easy to set up, but if the main cable breaks, the entire network goes down. [1]
Ring Topology: Devices are connected in a continuous circular loop, with data traveling in one direction. A break anywhere in the ring can disrupt the entire network, though dual-ring setups provide a backup. [1, 2]
Mesh Topology: Devices are interconnected with multiple redundant paths. It is highly reliable and fault-tolerant, but also the most complex and expensive to implement. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Tree Topology: Combines characteristics of bus and star topologies, resembling a branching tree where hierarchical nodes connect to a central root. [1]
Hybrid Topology: A combination of two or more different topologies (e.g., star-ring) designed to fit specific business needs. [1, 2]
Point-to-Point Topology: A simple, direct, and dedicated communication link between exactly two devices. [1, 2]

To learn more about how to map or select the ideal layout for your business needs, explore the Virima Types of Network Topology Guide or review the Coursera Network Topology Overview for additional use cases. [1, 2]

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